Intel, based in Santa Clara, Calif., introduced plans last yr to spend $20 billion for 2 new factories in Arizona. Along with the U.S. and Malaysia, Intel also has current vegetation in Ireland, Israel, Vietnam and China. Shortages of chips have crimped the flexibility of U.S. automakers to provide automobiles and final year, General Motors was unseated by Toyota as the nation’s top-selling automaker for the first time.